國民素養指的是完成十二年國民基本教育的18歲學生，無論繼續接受高等教育，又或是進入職場，能迎接生活以及生涯的挑戰，並迅速地掌握所需的知識技能，以及與人溝通合作的能力。為了解國內高中、高職及專科三年級學生是否具備因應未來挑戰的國民素養，國家教育研究院依據「教育部提升國民素養實施方案」，於民國101年成立「提升國民素養專案辦公室」後，已逐步完成國民素養之內涵、指標、評量與調查架構，並在103年完成「預調查」工作。本(104)年度延續103年度的預調查工作，於4月至7月間針對各素養進行命/修/審題會議，8月底至9月初進行預試工作，確定各素養題本數及組卷區塊後，完成素養調查題本(包含國語文、英語文、數學、科學、數位、背景問卷及教養/美感素養共六種題本)，並於10月完成共計9675人之第一次國民素養正式調查。在各素養通過率上，國語文有69.09%、英語文66.63%、數學62.78%、科學57.29%、數位60.33%，顯示平均達六成學生符合整體素養基礎表現。

　　進一步依據學校類別、性別，及都市化層級分析，各素養分析結果顯示，「國語文素養」方面，除中都市化層級的高職女生外，各都市化層級群組的高職男生及女生表現皆明顯低於平均值。「英語文素養」方面，各都市化層級的高職男生及女生表現皆明顯低於平均值，且隨著都市化層級的降低，其能力表現也隨之下降。「數學素養」方面，除中都市化層級的高中女生及高都市化層級的高職女生外，其他各都市化層級高中職女生及高職男生表現皆低於平均值。「科學素養」方面，高中學生中僅有低都市化層級的高中女生低於平均分數；但在高職部分，除高都市化的高職女生及中都市化高職男生外，其他各都市化層級高職男生及女生表現皆低於平均值，又以高都市化層級下的高職男生表現最差。「數位素養」方面，僅有中都市化層級的高職男生及女生表現明顯低於平均分數，其他群組高中職學生則皆高於平均值。

　　對教育政策之貢獻：透過本次「國民素養」調查瞭解國內高中職專三學生在各素養基礎能力的表現結果，整體而言，高中學生素養能力在國文、英文素養表現皆有中都市化程度表現較差的情況，數學素養是高、低都市化程度的女生表現明顯較差，科學素養是低都市化女生表現較差的情況，其餘高中群組素養能力皆達平均值以上；而高職學生部分，其國文、英文、數學素養之能力皆低於平均值，其中英文素養尚有隨著都市化層級下降而降低的趨勢，而科學素養則在中低都市化程度女生及高低都市化程度男生表現較差，數位素養則是中都市化程度男女生表現皆低於平均。因此，後續不論在教育資源的提供或是學校教學課程的調整上，都需針對高中職學生的基礎學習內容再予以加強，才能逐步提升全體學生的國民素養基礎能力。

　　In the Literacy-Improving Project, literacy was defined as the ability of 18-year-old students to face the challenge of life and career, acquire and seize the knowledge and skill of what they need, as well as communicate and cooperate with others, no matter for receiving higher education or entering the workforce in the future. In order to figure out whether the students indeed equip with such abilities as their 12- year compulsory education was completed, National Academy for Education Research, in accordance with the Program of National Literacy-Improving from Ministry of Education, had established the National Literacy-Improving project office since 2012. The Project members gradually framed the target, content, assessment, and investigation structure for literacy, then finally had the pre-investigation from 2012 to 2014. In 2015, following the pre-investigation, it was well prepared to convene the meetings to formulate, revise, and examine test questions between April and July in regard to every field of literacy and take the small-scale test from late August to early September. After confirming the final versions and how the test questions should be formed of every field of literacy (total six fields-Chinese, English, Mathematics, Science, Digit, background questionnaire survey, and ethics/esthetics were included), there came the formal investigation which amounted to 9,675 students in October. The formal investigation shows that there are up to 60 % of all the students who get through the performance standard of literacy in average, 69.09% for Chinese, 66.63% for English, 62.78% for Mathematics, 57.29% for Science, and 60.33% for Digit.

　　On the other hand, if we analyze it from the sight of school type, gender, and urbanization levels, the statistics for literacy are showed as below: for Chinese, both genders of senior vocational high school in every urbanization degree area except for the females in middle urbanization degree areas are all under the average. For English, no matter the urbanization degree is, both genders of senior vocational high school are all far from the average. Furthermore, as the urbanization degree lowers, so do the performances. For Mathematics, out of the females of senior high school to middle urbanization degree areas and of senior vocational high school to the high urbanization degree areas, the others are under the average. For Science, in senior high school, except for the females in low urbanization degree areas, others are all high from the average. On the contrary, in senior vocational high school, except for the females to high urbanization degree areas and the males to middle urbanization degree areas, the others are below the average. Especially, the males in high urbanization degree areas behave the worst. Then come up with Digit. Only both genders in middle urbanization degree areas are apparently under the average, the others are even high from the average instead.

　　Recommendations for Policies：“The Project of National Literacy-Improving” aims to estimate the result showed from the ability performance of each fields of Literacy for high school seniors in Taiwan. In general, only part of students in middle and low urbanization degree areas of senior high school are slightly below the average, others are high from it. The other school type, senior vocational high school, not only the performance of every field of Literacy is under the average, but also when the urbanization degree lowers, so does the performance. Therefore, no matter on the provision for education resource or the adjustment for school text course, it should focus on strengthening the ability of literacy both on senior high and senior vocational high school, particularly for the students of rural areas, so can we fundamentally and gradually bring the ability of literacy up for Taiwanese students.