近年來，政治民主、多元文化教育與教育機會均等議題備受關注，政府也投注資源，期能實現多元文化教育及教育機會均等的理想。本文即從多元的角度，討論多元文化教育與教育機會均等的關係，思考二者可能存在的議題或問題及其具體實踐。本文採用文獻分析法，透過相關文獻的蒐集、整理和討論，對多元文化教育和教育機會均等提出不同的看法，主要探討多元文化教育與教育機會均等的關係；多元文化教育的實踐途徑對教育機會均等的作用；多元文化教育的命題與教育機會均等；以及多元文化教育的實踐對教育機會均等的啟示。本文發現，不論是多元文化教育的實施、教育機會均等的實踐，以及多元文化教育實施與教育機會均等的實踐，都存在族群意識型態與政治意識型態的爭議，對於教育機會均等的實踐也存在族群、種族、階級與地區間的矛盾。

For a long time, multicultural education (MCE) and equal educational opportunity (EEO) have drawn the attention of the general public, the governments, and educational professionals and practitioners around the world. In the trend of internationalization and globalization, many world organizations, such as UNESCO, OECD, and World Bank, are engaged in related projects. In Taiwan, the multi-faceted ethical and racial structure has received acknowledgement like never before, as a result of political democratization, social structural change, and the flooding in immigrants. Under these circumstances, the government has recognized the importance of MCE and EEO and begun to seriously strive for their realization in order to develop a harmonious society. However, there still is a debate on the nature, objectives, aims and implementation of and the relationship between these two concepts. Hence, this paper will explore the interaction and the relationship between MCE and EEO, and propose adequate measures to the practice and realization of MCE and EEO.