二十一世紀帶來了迥異於過去的社會變化與衝擊，唯有跳脫制式的教學與評量框架，未來公民才有能力面對前所未有的挑戰。為此，美國「二十一世紀技能策略聯盟」（The Partnership for 21st Century Skills）與「新世代科學標準」（The Next Generation Science Standards, NGSS）等計畫，就理念、教學與評量三個面向進行相關研究與建議，其共同特點在於，如何培養學生高階思考與複雜溝通的能力。論證是運用證據支持或反對特定意見，進而提出主張或結論的過程，可檢視個人的思考歷程、思考方式與溝通能力。本研究的主要目的在探討「同儕互評」（peer assessment）對「國際青年學生物理辯論錦標賽」（International Young Physicists‘ Tournament, IYPT）培訓選手的影響，並根據研究結果提出具體建議，以提供未來實施同儕互評於選手培訓過程之參考。

The social changes and impact that the twenty first century has brought are quite different from the past; the only approach to help future citizens survive in a fast changing world is to revising traditional curriculum, instruction and assessment framework. To this end, relevant recommendations conducted by the United States‘ The Partnership for 21st Century Skills, The Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS), and other similar projects are focus on the developing of students’ high order thinking and complex communicating skills. In accordance with the need of next generation skills, Argumentation, which helping to understand how well an individuals’ thinking processes, ways of thinking and communication skills are working, is the process of making claims or conclusions by using evidence to support or oppose specific comments. In the study, we will apply the peer assessments to the training in the International Young Physicists‘ Tournament (IYPT). In addition to the helpfulness of the performance of students engaging in the IYPT, our results could provide valuable insights into the mechanism required in the instruction, learning, and assessment of the next generation science education.