Textbooks were the new things in modern China. For publicizing and teaching the religious doctrines, the missionaries compiled and printed the textbooks in the end of the Qing. From now on textbooks become the most important way to study in the elementary and middle schools in China. The elementary and middle schools’ textbooks has been changed many times since Republic of China was established. After the establishment of Republic of China, the Commercial Press and China Publishing House‘s keen competition raised the textbooks’ expansion of the first time. Under the standard of the elementary and middle schools’ educational system, the textbooks’ edition and publishing developed gradually after 1928. After the Second Sino-Japanese war, the elementary and middle schools’ extbooks still compiled and printed under the limited goods and materials. Then students can study and read in wartime. Targeting on the history textbooks for elementary and middle schools, historical documents, research reports, and academic monographs published in China between 1912 and 1949, this research tends to analyze and compare the history textbooks’ system and content echoed in these textbooks by using historical analysis, critical discourse and comparative methods. By so doing, the researcher hopes to reconsider as the paramount product of ’official memory’，history textbooks how to convey images of China to people, informing them to reconsider the future of Chinese history education and the more feasible ways to construct the system and content in the elementary and middle schools’ history textbooks.
